Analisis Penjadwalan Kanal Uplink Long Term Evolution (LTE) menggunakan Algoritma Proportional Fair

LTE merupakan teknologi telekomunikasi yang banyak dimanfaatkan saat ini karena memiliki keunggulan utama berupa data rate yang tinggi. Seiring meningkatnya jumlah pengguna, dibutuhkan metode yang efisien untuk memberikan pelayanan. Pelayanan yang dimaksud adalah alokasi sumber daya radio berupa resource block kepada user aktif. Proses alokasi ini disebut dengan scheduling/penjadwalan. Pada kanal uplink LTE, menggunakan teknik akses jamak Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) dimana penjadwalan dilakukan pada resource block secara mengelompok pada waktu yang sama. Pada penelitian skripsi ini, dilakukan analisis simulasi penjadwalan pada kanal uplink LTE. Skenario ditetapkan pada single cell dengan satu eNodeB dan jumlah user yang beragam. Pada skenario A, B, C, dan D masing-masing jumlah user adalah 4, 8, 12, dan 16 yang terletak pada rentang jarak 1-4 Km. Bandwidth uplink LTE yang dipilih yaitu 10 MHz dengan jumlah resource block yang dialokasikan untuk user aktif sebanyak 50 buah resource block untuk setiap 1 slot waktu. Kemudian dengan algoritma Proportional Fair, penjadwalan akan diprioritaskan kepada user dengan kondisi kanal yang lebih baik dari kondisi rata-rata. Sedangkan user dengan kondisi kanal kurang dari rata-rata akan mendapat penjadwalan minimal. Kondisi kanal baik pada Line of Sight (LOS) maupun Non Line of Sight (NLOS) menentukan jumlah resource block yang dijadwalkan berdasarkan kondisi kanal rata-rata tiap skenario. Modulasi yang digunakan adalah QPSK dan 16QAM dengan memperhatikan nilai Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) setiap user. Parameter yang akan dianalisis adalah Bit Error Rate (BER), throughput, dan fairness. Hasil dari simulasi menunjukkan tingkat SNR yang berbanding terbalik dengan jarak user akan memengaruhi kondisi kanal dan menentukan jenis modulasi. User terjauh akan memiliki kondisi kanal paling rendah daripada user lain pada suatu skenario. Maka penjadwalan jumlah resource block juga akan menurun seiring bertambahnya jarak. Sedangkan untuk variasi jumlah user, akan memberi pengaruh pada kondisi kanal rata-rata. BER sistem akan cenderung tetap seiring meningkatnya jumlah user. Throughput yang dianalisis adalah throughput ternormalisasi maksimum tiap skenario yang nilainya akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah user. Hal ini dikarenakan jumlah recource block yang tetap dibagi dengan jumlah user beragam dan dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan nilai kapasitas kanal tiap user. Sedangkan fairness akan cenderung tetap mendekati nilai ideal 1 pada variasi jumlah user

A systematic framework for assessing the applicability of reactive distillation for quaternary mixtures using a mapping method

Reactive distillation (RD) is a useful process intensification technique used in the chemical process industries as it offers important advantages such as energy and cost savings, relative to conventional technologies. However, industrial application of RD is still limited by the complexity of designing and understanding such a complex process. While simple, robust shortcut design methods that require only basic information (such as the relative volatility of components) exist for conventional distillation, such methods for evaluating the applicability of RD are not yet established. This work fills this gap by presenting a new systematic framework for assessing the RD applicability based on a mapping method. The method enables RD designs to be screened using only relative volatilities and chemical equilibrium constant as input data. The evaluation focuses on reactions involving four components (A + B ⇌ C + D) with various boiling point orders, which are of most industrial importance. The proposed systematic framework is validated through its application to five case studies, (trans-)esterifications presenting various separation challenges due to the formation of azeotropes. This novel approach offers a valuable aid for engineers in taking an educated go/no-go decision in the very initial stages of conceptual design, before performing any rigorous simulations of RD flowsheets

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT PENGGUNAAN UANG ELEKTRONIK (E-CASH) BANK MANDIRI (SURVEI PADA MAHASISWA PASCASARJANA PTN DIKOTA PADANG)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat penggunaan uang elektronik (E-Cash) Bank Mandiri dengan menggunakan model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) yang diintegrasikan dengan persepsi risiko (perceived risk). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa pascasarjana yang terdaftar aktif pada Perguruan Tinggi Negeri di Kota Padang sebagai calon/non pengguna Mandiri E-Cash tetapi mengetahui informasi mengenai produk tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 160 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Proportionate stratified random sampling. Data primer dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner yang disebar kepada responden, sedangkan data sekunder yaitu data yang terkait dengan objek penelitian yang disajikan oleh pihak lain. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis SEM (Structural Equation Model) PLS. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa: (1) Perceived usefulness (PU) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention (BI) pada penggunaan uang elektronik Mandiri E-Cash. (2) Perceived ease of use (PEOU) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention (BI) pada penggunaan uang elektronik Mandiri E-Cash. (3) Perceived risk (PR) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention (BI) pada penggunaan uang elektronik Mandiri E-Cash. Penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa model TAM merupakan framework yang dianggap akurat dalam menjelaskan perilaku user terhadap penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi. Kata kunci : Uang Elektronik, Technology Acceptance Model, Perceived risk dan Behavioral intentio

Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing Berbasis Socio Scientific Issues Terhadap Communication Skills Siswa Kelas X SMAS PAB 4 Sampali Pada Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi pembelajaran active knowledge sharing berbasis socio scientific issues terhadap communication skills siswa pada materi keanekaragaman hayati. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dan desain yang digunakan adalah nonequivalent control grup desain. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMAS PAB 4 Sampali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 siswa untuk kelas eksperimen dan 25 siswa untuk kelas kntrol. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan adalah tes-t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa kemampuan komunikasi tulis siwa pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan strategi active knowledge sharing lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini dibutktikan melalui uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan test-t yang didapatkan t hitung = 2,628 dengan melihat krikteria uji taraf 5% diperoleh t tabel = 2,008, dimana dengan krikteria uji t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel = 2,638>2,008, sehingga H0 ditolak, berarti Ha diterima

Pengaruh E-Trust Dan E-Satisfaction Terhadap Minat Pembelian Ulang Konsumen Shopee

Industrial revolution 4.0, the introduction of the internet, and smartphones have proven to be stimulants in changing online consumer behavior in the digital era. Demand for products through buying and selling online is increasing. This study aims to see (1) the effect of e-trust on the repurchase intention of Shopee consumers. (2) the effect of e-satisfaction on the repurchase intention of Shopee consumers. The questionnaire was developed for 123 Shopee consumers who had shopped at least once and registered on Shopee user accounts. Quantitative research methods used survey methods and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that (1) E-trust had a significant effect on the repurchase intention of Shopee consumers. (2) e-satisfaction had a significant effect on the repurchase intention of Shopee consumers. Consumer e-trust and e-satisfaction are very important factors as determinants in retaining customers

Effect of boiling point rankings and feed locations on the applicability of reactive distillation to quaternary systems

Reactive distillation (RD) offers major benefits such as costs reduction and energy saving, but the understanding and design of RD processes usually demand complex tasks that include extensive studies and rigorous simulations. To reduce this complexity and the time required, this study applies a novel mapping method to quickly provide insights into the RD applicability to reversible quaternary systems (A + B ⇌ C + D). Generic cases are used to produce applicability graphs (i.e. plots of reflux ratio vs number of theoretical stages) and multiple RD column configurations. The systems are assumed to have ideal properties and fixed key parameters (i.e. relative volatilities and chemical equilibrium constants). This study focuses on quaternary reactions considering different boiling point rankings and feed locations. Using the mapping method, quick results are achievable regarding the preliminary economic ranking of RD processes, and the optimal feed locations with reduced energy requirement (i.e. lower reflux ratio). Ultimately, this study provides a much better understanding of the effect of boiling point orders and feed locations on the RD applicability and conceptual design, being a valuable tool in early techno-economic evaluations

Profile of Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda for the 2020-2021 Period

Cervical cancer was a malignant disease of the cervix caused by infection with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) which was spread through skin contact, mainly due to sexual activity. There were many risk factors that cause HPV infection. Generally, cervical cancer was only discovered at an advanced stage. The treatment for cervical cancer recurrent or metastases was chemotherapy. This study aimed to determined the profile of cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda for the 2020-2021 period. The research design was descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach by took affordable samples. The samples obtained as many as 95 samples. The results showed that the low-risk age (<35 years) were 6.3% and the high-risk age (≥ 35 years) 93.7%, with the mean age was 48.49 years; low education level were 33.7%, moderate 54.7%, and high 11.6%; patients who were nullipara 3.2%, primipara 13.7%, multipara 68.4%, and grande multipara 14.7%; single agent chemotherapy regimen 86.3% and combined agent 13.7%. The conclusion that most cervical cancer patients who undergoing chemotherapy were at high-risk age, moderate education level, multipara, and chemotherapy regimen single agent

Effect of Biomass Types on Bio-oil Characteristics in a Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Process with a Ni/ZSM-5 Catalyst

The application of bio-oil for biofuel has been limited due to its low heating value, high acidity and high oxygenate content. Pursuant to the urgency of obtaining access to sustainable energy from renewable resources, the studies for bio-oil upgrading have been recently placed in high priority. This study is aimed at identifying the effect of biomass types on bio-oil product characteristics. The conversion of several types of biomass, i.e. rice straw, rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), and palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) to bio-oil by-products was investigated in a Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) reactor using a Ni/ZSM-5 nickel nitrate and zeolite catalyst at 550oC and at atmospheric pressure. The results show that Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst has actively enhanced the de-oxygenation reaction process and aromatic production. The composition of aromatic compounds in bio-oil from rubberwood, rice straw, and EFB are 10.25 wt%, 7.8 wt%, and 5.98 wt%, respectively. In the absence of a catalyst, bio-oil from rice straw contains no aromatics

Organo-Silica Membrane Prepared from TEOS-TEVS Modified with Organic-Acid Catalyst for Brackish Water Desalination

The sol gel process is one of the processes used in the manufacture of thin films on membranes because it can control the pore size in the resulting silica matrix. In addition, another way to build membrane size can be done by adding catalysts and precursors to be used. In this study, using a combination of tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) and triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS) precursors and citric acid as a catalyst to produce a silica matrix with mesoporous size so that it is suitable for application in the desalination process. The organo silica membrane was calcined at 350 ° C for 1 hour using the RTP calcination technique under vacuum, thus preventing the decomposition of carbon in the silica matrix. The membrane was dipcoated 4 times to obtain 4 layers. The FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy) test was carried out to see the functional groups on xerogel, namely silanol, siloxane and carbon. In addition, the performance of this membrane is carried out by desalination through pervaporation using 0.3% NaCl feed water with variations in feed air temperature, namely 25 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃. The resulting flux of air value increased with increasing feed water temperature, namely 6.1; 11.2; and 12.1 kg.m-2h-1 while the resulting salt rejection was 99.72; 99.64 and 99.23%. So that the organo silica membrane is suitable when applied to the desalination process through pervaporation.